Iron sulfide charge9/9/2023 ![]() ![]() Among these sodium-based energy storage systems, the RT-Na/S battery is predicted to deliver high energy density (theoretical value: 760 Wh kg −1). For Na-O 2 batteries, the exploration is only in its initial stage 20, 21. For NIBs, there is still a long way to go to achieve a sodium-ion full cell system with satisfying energy density and cycling life, as the current research on NIBs has been mainly focused on the search for suitable cathodes 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and anodes 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. Therefore, research on sodium-based technologies, including Na-ion batteries (NIBs), room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries (RT-Na/S), and novel Na-O 2 batteries, has gained momentum due to the overwhelming advantages with regards to the low cost and abundance of sodium resources 3, 4, 5. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that concerns about LIBs have arisen both in terms of the high cost and the limitations of lithium resources 1, 2. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have successfully been applied in EV and plug-in hybrid EV trials. Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs are emerging, to reduce our energy dependence on fossil fuels for transportation systems in the future. Owing to the increased demand for energy and the need to reduce carbon emissions, energy storage innovation has been a constant global concern over the past decade. Furthermore, this spatially confined sulfuration strategy offers a general method for other yolk-shell metal sulfide–carbon composites. This sustainable sodium–iron sulfide battery is a promising candidate for stationary energy storage. Nanostructural design, including of nanosized iron sulfide yolks ( ∼170 nm) with porous carbon shells ( ∼30 nm) and extra void space ( ∼20 nm) in between, has been used to achieve excellent cycling performance without sacrificing capacity. ![]() The proven conversion reaction between sodium and iron sulfide results in high capacity but severe volume changes. ![]() Here, uniform yolk-shell iron sulfide–carbon nanospheres have been synthesized as cathode materials for the emerging sodium sulfide battery to achieve remarkable capacity of ∼545 mA h g −1 over 100 cycles at 0.2 C (100 mA g −1), delivering ultrahigh energy density of ∼438 Wh kg −1. Nevertheless, achieving high capacity and cycling stability remains a great challenge. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.Sodium–metal sulfide battery holds great promise for sustainable and cost-effective applications. Please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. In a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) If you want to reproduce the whole article If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figuresĪnd diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. Provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Prospective properties and applications of the materials are discussed.įacile synthesis and selected characteristics of two-dimensional material composed of iron sulfide and magnesium-based hydroxide layers (tochilinite) A series of UV-vis absorption maxima were explained in terms of both the high-index all-dielectric Mie resonance, in line with the permittivity measurement data, and the ligand-metal charge transfer resembling that in Fe–S clusters in proteins. The room-temperature Mössbauer spectra fitted with several doublets (chemical shift of 0.35–0.4 mm s −1 and varying quadrupole splitting) transformed to three six-line patterns (hyperfine fields of ∼290, 350 and 480 kOe) due to magnetic ordering at 4.2 K, albeit the paramagnetic behavior observed in SQUID experiments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy found that the hydroxide layers involved Fe 3+ cations from 10 to 40% of total iron tuned by addition of Al and Li entering the layers the Fe 1− xS sheets comprised comparable amounts of high-spin Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ centers, and minor S–S bonding. The reliable formation of tochilinites was ensured by an excess of sodium sulfide, with the assembly of the metal sulfide and hydroxide sheets driven by their opposite electric charges. n(Mg,Fe)(OH) 2 constructed by interchanging atomic sulfide and hydroxide sheets as a representative of a new platform of multifunctional two-dimensional materials.We report here a simple hydrothermal synthesis of 100–200 nm flakes of tochilinite (Fe 1− xS) ![]()
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